Analogical Electronics(ING229-A)
| Course Code | Course Name | Semester | Theory | Practice | Lab | Credit | ECTS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ING229-A | Analogical Electronics | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 |
| Prerequisites | |
| Admission Requirements |
| Language of Instruction | French |
| Course Type | Compulsory |
| Course Level | Bachelor Degree |
| Course Instructor(s) | Erden TUĞCU etugcu@gsu.edu.tr (Email) |
| Assistant | Timoteos Onur ÖZÇELİK tozcelik@gsu.edu.tr (Email) |
| Objective | The primary objective of this course is to provide students with a comprehensive engineering vision that extends from basic circuit theory to the physics of semiconductor devices and the design of modern analog electronic systems. Starting with the analysis of the behavior of circuits composed of passive elements (resistors, capacitors, inductors) in the time and frequency domains (transient regimes, sinusoidal analysis, filters), the course aims for an in-depth understanding of the operating principles of active semiconductor components such as diodes, transistors, and operational amplifiers (Op-Amps). The goal is for students to achieve the competence to model, analyze, and design rectifier, amplifier, active/passive filter, and regulator circuits with a mathematical approach in order to process real-world continuous (analog) signals. |
| Content |
1. Review: Electric Circuits: Direct Current (DC) Circuits • Current, current density, and resistance (Ohm's Law) • Electromotive force (emf) and voltage • Kirchhoff's Laws (Junction and Loop rules) • Thevenin and Norton theorems 2. Transient Response • First and second-order circuits (RC, RL, and RLC) • Charge/discharge curves and time constant concept • Step and pulse responses of circuits 3. Alternating Current and Sinusoidal Steady-State • Complex numbers and phasor concept • Impedance and admittance • AC Power (Active, reactive, apparent power, and power factor) • Series and parallel resonance in RLC circuits 4. Frequency Response and Filters • Transfer function concept • Bode plots (Drawing and reading magnitude and phase curves) • Passive filter topologies: Low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-stop filters • Cutoff frequency and bandwidth calculations 5. Fundamentals of Semiconductor Physics • Energy band structures of conductors, insulators, and semiconductors • Intrinsic semiconductors and electron-hole concept • P-type and N-type doping • P-N junction and depletion region formation 6. Diodes and Applications • Ideal and real diode characteristics (Current-Voltage, I-V curve) • Rectifier circuits: Half-wave and full-wave (bridge) rectifiers • Ripple voltage reduction with filter capacitor • Zener diodes and voltage regulation • Clipper, clamper circuits, and LEDs 7. Transistors • Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT): NPN and PNP structures • BJT operating regions (Cutoff, Saturation, Active region) • BJT biasing circuits and DC load line • Transistor logic as a switch and amplifier • Introduction to Field Effect Transistors (FET/MOSFET) 8. Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps) • Ideal Op-Amp characteristics and equivalent circuit • Negative feedback principle and virtual short circuit • Basic Op-Amp configurations: Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers • Adder, subtractor, and voltage follower (buffer) circuits • Integrator and differentiator circuits (Electronic equivalent of mathematical operations) |
| Course Learning Outcomes |
• 1: Mathematically analyze the behavior of RLC circuits in transient (time domain) and sinusoidal (frequency domain) regimes. • 2: Derive the transfer functions of passive filter topologies and interpret the frequency responses of systems by plotting and reading Bode diagrams. • 3: Explain the physical behavior of the P-N junction by comparing the energy band structures of conductors, insulators, and semiconductors. • 4: Analyze and design rectifier, ripple filter, and voltage regulation circuits using ideal and practical diode models. • 5: Determine the operating regions of Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT); model basic amplifier circuits by performing biasing operations on the DC load line. • 6: Design analog signal processing circuits (adder, subtractor, differentiator, and integrator) using the characteristics of an ideal operational amplifier (Op-Amp) and the principle of negative feedback. |
| Teaching and Learning Methods |
In this course, the "Flipped Classroom" model and active learning strategies are implemented to maximize students' circuit design and analysis skills. • Flipped Classroom Implementation: Traditional theoretical knowledge transfer has been moved outside of class hours. Students are expected to come to class prepared by reviewing the lecture notes and circuit analysis materials shared on the learning management system (Moodle/Teams) before each session. • In-Class Active Learning: The classroom environment is utilized as an "interactive design workshop" where previously studied semiconductor components and circuit topologies are discussed in depth, and complex engineering problems are solved. • Dynamic Digital Presentation: Classes are conducted using interactive digital whiteboard applications such as tablets and OpenBoard. The drawing of complex circuit diagrams, DC load line analyses, Bode plots, and Op-Amp feedback loops are built in real-time on the board in interaction with the students. • Peer Instruction: Through guiding in-class questions, students are encouraged to discuss the in-circuit behavior of non-linear elements (diodes, transistors) among themselves and arrive at the correct analytical model. • Real-World Engineering Modeling: Theoretical calculations are concretized by connecting them with concrete examples taken directly from industrial electronic applications, such as rectifier power supplies, audio amplifiers, and active filters. |
| References |
Lecture Notes and Exercises Moodle / Teams Learning Management Systems - LMS |
Theory Topics
| Week | Weekly Contents |
|---|
Practice Topics
| Week | Weekly Contents |
|---|
Contribution to Overall Grade
| Number | Contribution | |
|---|---|---|
| Contribution of in-term studies to overall grade | 0 | 50 |
| Contribution of final exam to overall grade | 0 | 50 |
| Toplam | 0 | 100 |
In-Term Studies
| Number | Contribution | |
|---|---|---|
| Assignments | 0 | 0 |
| Presentation | 0 | 0 |
| Midterm Examinations (including preparation) | 0 | 30 |
| Project | 0 | 0 |
| Laboratory | 0 | 20 |
| Other Applications | 0 | 0 |
| Quiz | 0 | 0 |
| Term Paper/ Project | 0 | 0 |
| Portfolio Study | 0 | 0 |
| Reports | 0 | 0 |
| Learning Diary | 0 | 0 |
| Thesis/ Project | 0 | 0 |
| Seminar | 0 | 0 |
| Other | 0 | 0 |
| Make-up | 0 | 0 |
| Toplam | 0 | 50 |
| No | Program Learning Outcomes | Contribution | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
| 1 | Matematik, fizik ve mühendislik bilimlerine özgü konularda yeterli bilgi birikimi; bu alanlardaki kuramsal ve uygulamalı bilgileri, mühendislik problemlerinin modellenmesi ve çözümünde kullanabilme becerisi. | |||||
| 2 | Karmaşık bilgisayar mühendisliği problemlerini saptama, tanımlama, formüle etme ve çözme becerisi; bu amaçla uygun analiz ve modelleme yöntemlerini seçme ve uygulama becerisi. | |||||
| 3 | Yazılımsal veya donanımsal karmaşık bir sistemi, süreci veya donanımı gerçekçi kısıtlar ve koşullar altında, belirli gereksinimleri karşılayacak şekilde tasarlama becerisi; bu amaçla modern tasarım yöntemlerini uygulama becerisi. | |||||
| 4 | Mühendislik uygulamalarında karşılaşılan karmaşık problemlerin analizi ve çözümü için gerekli olan modern teknik ve araçları geliştirme, seçme ve kullanma becerisi; bilişim teknolojilerini etkin bir şekilde kullanma becerisi. | |||||
| 5 | Analitik düşünce ile bir sistemi, sistem bileşenini ya da süreci analiz etme, modelleme, deney tasarlama ve yapma, veri toplama, çözüm algoritmaları üretebilme, uygulamaya alma ve geliştirme becerileri. | |||||
| 6 | Disiplin içi ve çok disiplinli takımlarda etkin biçimde çalışabilme becerisi; bireysel çalışma becerisi. | |||||
| 7 | Türkçe sözlü ve yazılı etkin iletişim kurma becerisi; en az iki yabancı dil bilgisi; etkin rapor yazma ve yazılı raporları anlama, yazılım ve donanım tasarımını, gerekirse teknik resim metotları kullanarak raporlayabilme, etkin sunum yapabilme becerisi. | |||||
| 8 | Bilgiye erişebilme ve bu amaçla kaynak araştırması yapabilme, veri tabanları ve diğer bilgi kaynaklarını kullanabilme becerisi | |||||
| 9 | Yaşam boyu öğrenmenin gerekliliği bilinci; kendini sürekli yenileme becerisi. | |||||
| 10 | Mesleki etik ilkelerine uygun davranma, mesleki sorumluluk bilinci; mühendislik uygulamalarında kullanılan standartlar hakkında bilgi. | |||||
| 11 | Proje yönetimi, risk yönetimi ve değişiklik yönetimi gibi, iş hayatındaki uygulamalar hakkında bilgi; girişimcilik, yenilikçilik hakkında farkındalık; sürdürülebilir kalkınma hakkında bilgi. | |||||
| Activities | Number | Period | Total Workload |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class Hours | 14 | 4 | 56 |
| Working Hours out of Class | 14 | 3 | 42 |
| Midterm Examinations (including preparation) | 2 | 12 | 24 |
| Laboratory | 14 | 2 | 28 |
| Final Examinations (including preparation) | 1 | 14 | 14 |
| Total Workload | 164 | ||
| Total Workload / 25 | 6.56 | ||
| Credits ECTS | 7 | ||